A Reader's Edition

The Interpreter of Desires

Tarjuman al-Ashwaq -- Poems I-X · Ibn al-'Arabi

What this document is. The first ten of sixty-one short odes from the Tarjuman al-Ashwaq ("Interpreter of Desires") -- Ibn al-'Arabi's cycle of Sufi love-poems composed at Mecca in 1215 -- in Reynold A. Nicholson's 1911 translation for the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, long out of copyright. Each poem is followed in the source by Ibn al-'Arabi's own verse-by-verse commentary reading the poem as an allegory of the Divine Ideas; that commentary is not included here, the same line this project draws everywhere a translation and a later apparatus share a page. The text is reproduced verbatim from the The Tarjuman al-Ashwaq (Royal Asiatic Society, 1911), via sacred-texts.com; a fidelity check (fidelity_tarjuman.py) diffs this edition against that source on every build. Only fifty-one of the collection's sixty-one poems remain unbuilt; this is a deliberately bounded selection, not the whole cycle. Nothing here is endorsed; as with every work in the Records, it is set down so it can be read on its own terms.
Translator: James Legge, 1911 Source: The Tarjuman al-Ashwaq (Royal Asiatic Society, 1911), via sacred-texts.com Public domain 1,245 words 10 chapters · 64 verses Retrieved 2026-07-27
How to read this. Ten short odes, each its own chapter -- love-poetry on its surface, addressed (per the poet's own commentary, not reproduced here) to the Divine Ideas the mystic's heart is possessed by. Read a poem straight through; nothing carries over between one and the next. Use the sidebar to jump to any poem, the search box to find a phrase, and the motif chips to spotlight a theme. Terms with a dotted underline have a hover definition.
Filter by motif — the Concordance

Part I

The Interpreter of Desires

Poems I-X (of LXI)

Sixty short odes composed at Mecca in 1215, ostensibly in love with Nizam, a young woman Ibn al-'Arabi met there -- but read, by his own extensive commentary, as an allegory of the Divine Ideas the gnostic's heart is possessed by. The first ten poems only are given here.

1Poem I
1

Would that I were aware whether they knew what heart they possessed!

2

And would that my heart knew what mountain-pass they threaded!

3

Dost thou deem them safe or dost thou deem them dead?

4

Lovers lose their way in love and become entangled.

2Poem II
1

On the day of parting they did not saddle the full-grown reddish-white camels until they had mounted the peacocks upon them,

2

Peacocks with murderous glances and sovereign power: thou wouldst fancy that each of them was a Bilqis on her throne of pearls.

3

When she walks on the glass pavement thou seest a sun on a celestial sphere in the bosom of Idris.

4

When she kills with her glances, her speech restores to life, as tho' she, in giving life thereby, were Jesus.

5

The smooth surface of her legs is (like) the Tora in brightness, and I follow it and tread in its footsteps as tho' I were Moses.

6

She is a bishopess, one of the daughters of Rome, unadorned: thou seest in her a radiant Goodness.

7

Wild is she, none can make her his friend; she has gotten in her solitary chamber a mausoleum for remembrance.

8

She has baffled everyone who is learned in our religion, every student of the Psalms of David, every Jewish doctor, and every Christian priest.

9

If with a gesture she demands the Gospel, thou wouldst deem us to be priests and patriarchs and deacons.

10

The day when they departed on the road, I prepared for war the armies of my patience, host after host.

11

When my soul reached the throat (i.e. when I was at the point of death), I besought that Beauty and that Grace to grant me relief,

12

And she yielded--may God preserve us from her evil, and may the victorious king repel Iblis!

13

I exclaimed, when her she-camel set out to depart, 'O driver of the reddish-white camels, do not drive them away with her!'

3Poem III
1

O my two friends, pass by al-Kathib and turn towards La'la' and seek the waters of Yalamlam,

2

For there dwell those whom thou knowest and those to whom belong my fasting and my pilgrimage and my visit to the holy places and my festival.

3

Never let me forget at al-Muhassab of Mina and at al-Manhar al-A'la and Zamzam certain grave matters.

4

Their Muhassab is my heart, because of their casting the pebbles, and their place of sacrifice is my soul, and their well is my blood.

5

O camel-driver, if thou comest to Hajir, stop the beasts a little while and give a greeting,

6

And address to the red tents on the side of the guarded pasture the salutation of one who longs for you and is distraught.

7

And if they return thy greeting, once more let the East wind bring thy salaam to them; and if they are silent, journey on with thy camels and advance

8

To the river of Jesus, where their riding-camels halted and where the white tents lie beside the river-mouth,

9

And call Da'd and ar-Rabab and Zaynab and Hind and Salma and Lubna, and listen,

10

And ask them whether at al-Halba is She, the limber one who shows thee the radiance of the sun when she smiles.

4Poem IV
1

Greeting to Salma and to those who dwell in the preserve, for it behoves one who loves tenderly like me to give greeting.

2

And what harm to her if she gave me a greeting in return? But fair women are subject to no authority.

3

They journeyed when the darkness of night had let down its curtains, and I said to her, 'Pity a passionate lover, outcast and distraught,

4

Whom desires eagerly encompass and at whom speeding arrows are aimed wheresoever he bends his course.'

5

She displayed her front-teeth and a levin flashed, and I knew not which of the twain rent the gloom,

6

And she said, 'Is it not enough for him that I am in his heart and that he beholds me at every moment? Is it not enough?'

5Poem V
1

My longing sought the Upland and my affliction the Lowland, so that I was between Najd and Tihama.

2

They are two contraries which cannot meet: hence my disunion will never be repaired.

3

What am I to do? What shall I devise? Guide me O my censor, do not affright me with blame!

4

Sighs have risen aloft and tears are pouring over my cheeks.

5

The camels, footsore from the journey, long for their homes and utter the plaintive cry of the frenzied lover.

6

After they have gone, my life is naught but annihilation. Farewell to it and to patience!

6Poem VI
1

When they departed, endurance and patience departed. They departed, although they were dwelling in the core of my heart.

2

I asked them where the travellers rested at noon, and I was answered, 'Their noonday resting-place is where the shih and the ban trees diffuse a sweet scent.'

3

Then I said to the wind, 'Go and overtake them, for they are biding in the shade of the grove,

4

And bear to them a greeting from a sorrowful man in whose heart are sorrows because he is separated from his people.'

7Poem VII
1

As I kissed the Black Stone, friendly women thronged around me; they came to perform the circumambulation with veiled faces.

2

They uncovered the (faces like) sunbeams and said to me, 'Beware! for the death of the soul is in thy looking at us.

3

How many aspiring souls have we killed already at al-Muhassab of Mina, beside the pebble-heaps,

4

And in Sarhat al-Wadi and the mountains of Rama and Jam' and at the dispersion from 'Arafat!

5

Dost not thou see that beauty robs him who hath modesty, and therefore it is called the robber of virtues?

6

Our trysting-place after the circumambulation is at Zamzam beside the midmost tent, beside the rocks.

7

There everyone whom anguish hath emaciated is restored to health by the love-desire that perfumed women stir in him.

8

When they are afraid they let fall their hair, so that they are hidden by their tresses as it were by robes of darkness.'

8Poem VIII
1

Their abodes have become decayed, but desire of them is ever new in my heart and decayeth not.

2

These tears are shed over their ruined dwellings, but souls are ever melted at the memory of them.

3

Through love of them I called out behind their riding-camels, 'O ye who are rich in beauty, here am I, a beggar!

4

I have rolled my cheek in the dust in tender and passionate affection: then, by the true love which I owe to you, I, do not make hopeless

5

One who is drowned in his tears and burned in the fire of sorrow with no respite!'

6

O thou who wouldst kindle a fire, be not hasty! Here is the fire of passion. Go and take of it!

9Poem IX
1

Flashes of lightning gleamed to us at al-Abraqan, and their peals of thunder crashed between the ribs.

2

Their clouds poured rain on every meadow and on every quivering branch that bends towards thee.

3

The watercourses were flooded and the breeze wafted perfume, and a ringdove flapped her wings and a twig put forth leaves.

4

They pitched the red tents between rivulets (creeping) like serpents, amongst which were seated

5

Friendly damsels, bright of countenance, rising like the suns, large-eyed, noble, of generous race, and limber.

10Poem X
1

She said, 'I wonder at a lover who in conceit of his merits walks proudly among flowers in a garden.'

2

I replied, 'Do not wonder at what thou seest, for thou hast beheld thyself in the mirror of a man.'

Glossary

Terms of the text, and of Legge's 1891 English. Each entry links to a chapter where the term is used.

Nizam
The young woman Ibn al-'Arabi met at Mecca in 1215, whose beauty is these poems' ostensible subject -- read, by his own commentary, as a figure for the Divine Ideas themselves. ch-1
Bilqis
The Queen of Sheba, invoked in Poem II for a beloved whose "murderous glances and sovereign power" figure the Divine wisdom overwhelming the seer. ch-2
Zamzam
The sacred well at Mecca, one of several pilgrimage sites (with Mina and 'Arafat) that double as the settings of the poet's love and longing. ch-3
the Black Stone
The stone set in the Kaaba's corner, kissed in circumambulation -- the act that opens Poem VII's encounter with the veiled women. ch-7
gnostic
Nicholson's rendering for the one whose heart is possessed by the Divine Ideas -- the subject, per Ibn al-'Arabi's own commentary, of nearly every "they" and "her" in these poems. ch-1